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5
1
Isifo samagqa-
bi/iimpawu
Uhlobo
Amabanga
okukhula
Iimeko
Isitshabalalisi
somngundo
Ulawulo
Irusi yesiqhelo
(Ifoto 2)
Umngundo Amabanga amva
eV (V8+)
Amaqondo obushushu
aphakathi (16°C - 25°C).
Ewe
Iikhemikhali zokutshabalalisa
umngundo nokukhethwa kwe-
mihlanganisela.
Umtshaza wama-
gqabi ombona
waseMntla
(Ifoto 1)
Umngundo Amabanga eV6
ukuya kwi-R
Amaqondo obushushu
aphakathi (18°C - 27°C);
amathuba amade ombethe/
ukufuma okuphezulu.
Ewe
Iikhemikhali zokutshabalalisa umngu-
ndo, ukukhethwa kwemihlanganisela,
ujikeleziso lwezityalo nokuhlakulela
iintsalela zezityalo phakathi.
Amachokoza
angwevu
emagqabini
(Ifoto 3)
Umngundo Umngundo ovela
ekudubuleni kwee-
ntyatyambo
(VT - R1+)
Amaqondo obushushu
aphakathi ukuya kwashushu
(22°C - 30°C); amathuba
amade ombethe/ukufuma
okuphezulu (>95%).
Ewe
Iikhemikhali zokutshabalalisa
umngundo, ukukhethwa kwemi-
hlanganisela, ujikeleziso lwezityalo
nokuhlakulela iintsalela zezityalo
phakathi.
Isifo semigca
emboneni
(Ifoto 6)
Ivayirasi
Amabanga eV
Iindawo zeTropika apho
abamkeli bafumaneka ebudeni
bonyaka, kananjalo neemeko
ezandisa izenzo zokuthutha
isifo (ngakumbi iindawo zo-
bushushu nonkcenkcesho).
Hayi
Tshabalalisa iintethe zamagqabi
(unyango lwembewu jikelele nezi-
tshizi) nokutshatyalaliswa kokhula.
Umgca
weebhaktiriya
(Ifoto 5)
Ibhaktiriya Ukususela ekudubu-
leni kweentyatyambo
(VT - R1+)
Iindawo ezifudumeleyo,
zonkcenkcesho.
Hayi
Ujikeleziso lwezityalo, amasimi
alifusi uze utshabalalise iintsalela
zezityalo ezinosulelo.
Ukutshiswa
lilanga (Ifoto 4)
Okusingqo-
ngileyo
Onke amabanga
Ukuthinteleka kobushushu/
ilanga.
Hayi
Ukukhethwa kwemihlanganisela
nolawulo lokufuma.
Amachokoza
amagqabi
ePhaeosphaeria
Umngundo
nezinye
iintlobo
ezimbaxa
zeebhaktiriya
R3+
Iindawo ezinokufuma okuphe-
zulu namaqondo obushushu
apholileyo asebusuku.
Asisebenzi
kakuhle
Akusoloko kuyimfuneko, kodwa
ukukhethwa kwemihlanganisela
kutshabalalisa iintsalela zezityalo
ezinosulelo kanti ukutshintsha
umhla wokutyala unganceda.
Umngundo
weDowny
Umngundo Amabanga eV
akwangoko
Iindawo ezifudumeleyo,
ezifumileyo (iindawo zetropika
ngakumbi emasimini apho isifo
siqwalaselwe khona ngapha-
mbili. Amaqondo obushushu
omhlaba angaphezu kwe 20°C
akhuthaza usulelo.
Ewe
Unyango lomhlaba ngemetalaxyl,
umhla wokulima kwangoko emasi-
mini asulelekileyo, imbewu yodidi
oluphezulu uze uthintele ujikeleziso
lomhlaba ngamazimba.
Umgca
wamagqabi
weDiplodia
Umngundo Onke amabanga
Iindawo ezifudumeleyo, ezi-
fumileyo nokuhlala okukokona
kuncinane.
Ewe
Ujikeleziso lwezityalo, imigaqo
elungileyo yokuhlakula nokulima
kwiintsalela zezityalo.
Ichokoza
eliluphawu
Umngundo R3+
Iimeko ezipholileyo, ezifumileyo,
ukuhlakula okukokona kunci-
nane, izinambuzane ezitshabala-
lisa izityalo ezifana neethrips
kunye neentwala zingakukhu-
thaza ukuhlasela kwazo.
Ewe
Ujikeleziso lwezityalo, ukulimela
iintsalela zezityalo phakathi
nokutshabalalisa izinambuzane.
Irusi yePolysora Umngundo R3+
Iindawo zeTropika, imozulu
efudumeleyo nefumileyo
(24°C - 28°C).
Ewe
Iikhemikhali zokutshabalalisa
umngundo nakwixesha elinga-
phambili.
Ezinye izifo zamagqabi emboneni ngokubanzi eMzantsi Afrika, izidalwanana ezibangela
izifo namabanga okukhula akholisa ukuqwalaselwa, nezicwangciso zawo zolawulo.
Kukho imposiso yokucinga ukuba izipora zomngundo zifumaneka emo-
yeni kuphela zize zisasazwe ngumoya nayimvula. Ewe, zinako ukusasa-
zwa ngumoya, kodwa ezi zezebanga elilandelayo kwaye zinokusasazwa
ukusuka kwintsimi ethile ukuya kwelandelayo selihambile ixesha elo
lokulima – oko kukholisa ukwenzeka kwimigama emifutshane.
Owona mthombo wesifo ziintsalela zezityalo zexesha elidlulileyo
lokulima ngokuthi kusale umngundo, kuze kuthi kwakubakho iimeko ezivu-
mayo kwixesha elitsha lokulima, kuphume izipora ezichaphazela amagqabi
asezantsi ezityalo.
Le misikeko ikhupha izipora ezitsha, ezithi ngokuya liqhubela phambili
ixesha lokukhula, ziphume zize zisasazwe ngamaqabaza emvula nangu-
moya zifike emagqabini amatsha phezulu kwisityalo. Amachokoza angwe-
vu emagqabini akholisa ukubhidaniswa nawokutshiswa lilanga/isithintelo
sembalela (
Ifoto 4
). Akukho mfuneko yokuthi, umonakalo obangelwa yi-
mbalela awunakulawuleka kanti ukufakwa okungeyomfuneko kwekhe-
mikhali etshabalalisa umngundo kumrhuqela emva ngokuphinda-phindwe
kabini umlimi. Akukho naziphi izifo zomngundo wamagqabi ezikhanka-
nyiweyo ezifumaneka kwimbewu.
IMIGCA YEEBHAKTIRIYA EMAGQABINI
Imigca yeebhaktiriya emagqabini (
Ifoto 5
) sisifo esixhaphake kwiinda-
wo ezilima entshona kanti ezi mpawu zibhidaniswa nezo zamachokoza