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MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST

4

N

GELI XESHA LONYAKA IIMVELISO ZAMALUNGI-

SELELO EZININZI ZOKULIMA UMBONA ZIFANELE

UKUBA SEZITHENGIWE KWIINDAWO EZISEMPU-

MA ZELIZWE. UKUFAKWA KWESITSHABALALISI

SOKHULA NOMALEKO ONGAPHEZULU ZISENO-

KWENZIWA KWIINDAWO EZISEMBINDINI EZILIMAYO EZIFANA

NEFREE STATE NOMNTLA-NTSHONA. KUKWABALULEKILE

UKUQWALASELA IMPEHLA YEZIKHONDO ZOMBONA.

Kukho izitshabalalisi zezityalo ezahluka-hlukileyo kolu luhlu ngoko

ke zidibanise nommeli wakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuba iikhemikhali

ezichanekileyo zifakwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukucela uncedo asilophawu lobuthathaka kodwa lolwamandla.

Oku kukwasetyenziswa nakwizifo zamagqabi ombona. Ukufakwa

kweekhemikhali ngendlela engachanekanga akusayi kuzitshabalalisa

izifo, kuya kubakho iilahleko zezivuno kanti iikhemkhali kusafuneka

zihlawulelwe. Ubetheka kabini.

Amachokoza angwevu amagqabi, imigca yeebhaktiriya kunye nomo-

nakalo wokutshiswa lilanga maxa wambi zizifo ezibhidaniswa liliso elinga-

qeqeshwanga. Ulawulo lwezi ngxaki lwahluka-hluke kakhulu, maxa wambi

alukwazi kwenzeka kwaphela. Inkqubo yasimahla kwiifowuni zohlobo lwa-

namhla yePannar Seeds,

iSprout

ingumthombo olungileyo weenkcukacha.

Ishwankathela kwaye inika inkcazo ngezifo ezizezona zibalulekileyo ezifuma-

neka emboneni eMzantsi Afrika. Oku kwenza ukuba umlimi akwazi ukulawula

izifo eziphambili ngokuchanekileyo ngokusebenzisana nengcali yendawo

yakhe yolimo okanye nommeli wakhe weekhemikhali.

Phambi kokuba zibe khona, izifo zamagqabi ombona ezibaluleke kakhu-

lu kufuneka izidingo ezifana zodwa malunga neemeko ezingqonge indawo.

Ngaphaya koko, ibanga lokukhula kwesityalo ngokwendalo lalatha ixesha

eziya kuba khona ngazo izifo ezithile.

Ezona zifo zibalulekileyo zamagqabi ombona afanele ukuziqwalasela

umlimi zihlanganiswe

kwiTheyibhile 1

.

UMTSHAZA WAMAGQABI OMBONA WASEMNTLA

Esona sifo samagqabi sixhaphake kakhulu kwezona ndawo ezilima

umbona eMzantsi Afrika ngumtshaza wamagqabi ombona wasemntla

(irusi emhlophe)

Ifoto 1

. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezikhuthaza isifo

ngamaqondo obushushu aphakathi (18°C - 27°C), iimeko ezifumileyo

namathuba amade ombethe. Umngundo okwintsalela yamagqabi

ombona uyasinda, kuze kuphuhle iintlobo zosulelo ezininzi ezivela mva

kulo lonke ithuba lokulima kwimisikeko ekhoyo.

Imisikeko ikholisa ukuqala ibonakale emagqabini asezantsi, ukuze

xa kuphuma imbewu yezipora phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo kule

misikeko, amagqabi aphezulu anosuleleko futhi kubonakala ngathi

isifo sinyebelezela phezulu kwisityalo.

IRUSI YESIQHELO

Irusi yesiqhelo (

Ifoto 2

) ikholisa ukubonakala okokuqala ngethuba lokulima

kwizityalo zombona eziselula. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezikhuthaza isifo

ngamaqondo obushushu aphakathi (16°C - 25°C) kunye neemeko ezifumi-

leyo (>95% ukufuma). Usulelo lwerusi yesiqhelo lukhuthazwa ziimeko

zombethe/inkungu – ngakumbi ebusuku xa izipora kumphezulu wamagqa-

bi intshula futhi zingenelele emagqabini ngemingxuma yezitomata.

Iimpawu ezibonakala kwangoko zosulelo lwerusi zibonakala phantse

kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva kosulelo lokuqala njengamabala amancinane

emagqabini, namaqhuqhuva erusi afanelekileyo (kwiintsuku ezilishumi

ukuya kwezili-14) (Ifoto 2) aze aphuhle akhuphe izipora. Zakuba ziphumile

izipora zisasazeka kwimigama ebanzi ngenxa yomoya. Ezi zipora zingaphi-

nda zisulele kwasona eso sityalo kwakhona kwakwixesha elinye lokulima.

AMACHOKOZA ANGWEVU EMAGQABINI

Esinye isifo esibalulekileyo samagqabi ombona ngamachokoza angwevu

emagqabini (

Ifoto 3

). Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezikhuthaza esi sifo zinga-

maqondo aphakathi obushushu ukuya kwaphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphe-

zulu (>95%).

Iimpawu zesi sifo zibonakala ngakumbi malunga nethuba lokudubula

kweentyatyambo – nangona zinokubonakala lingekafiki eli xesha phantsi

kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwesifo. Esi sisifo samagqabi esifumane-

ka ngakumbi KwaZulu-Natal nakwiHigveld esempuma, apho kuxhaphake

khona inkungu kunye/okanye ukufuma okuphezulu namaqondo obushu-

shu aphezulu.

Qwalas

e

la

izifo

ZAMAGQABI

emboneni

Pietman Botha, umbhali kwiPula

Imvula. Thumela i-imeyili apha,

pietmanbotha@gmail.com

Umtshaza wamagqabi ombona wasemntla.

1

Irusi yesiqhelo.

2