Pula Imvula December 2020

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST

LUNYE ULUHLU KWINGXELO YOHLALUTYO

LOMHLABA WAKHO OLUNESIHLOKO ESIMALU-

NGA NESAKHONO SOTSHINTSHO LWEZIQALELO

EZIQUQUZELAYO (

CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY

– CEC

) LUKHOLISA UKUNGATHATHELWA NGQA-

LELO OKANYE UKUNGAQONDWA. LO NGUMBA OBALULEKE

KAKHULU MALUNGA NEMIHLABA UKUZE KULANDELWE

UKUCHUMA KOMHLABA NGOQWALASELO, NGOKUNJALO

NEFUTHE LOKUGALELWA KWEKALIKA KWIMINYAKA EMITHA-

THU OKANYE NGAPHEZULU, ULUNGELELWANO LWEETYUWA

OLUSEMHLABENI KUNYE NOBUKHO BEZICHUMISO EZIGALE-

LWEYO KANANJALO NAMANQANABA OKUCHUMA KOMHLA-

BA NGOKUBANZI.

IMIHLABA

Imihlaba yakhiwe ngeenxalenye ezine ezisisiseko – iityuwa, umoya, ama-

nzi kunye nezinto eziyindalo. Umhlaba oqhelekileyo ufanele ukwakhiwa

ngama 45% eetyuwa, ama 25% amanzi, ama 25% omoya ukuze izinto

eziyindalo zibe yi 2% ukuya kwi 5%. Inxalenye yeetyuwa ineentlobo ezi-

ntathu zobukhulu beengqakumbana ezihlelwa ngokwesanti, intlenga

yomhlaba okanye udongwe. Inxalenye emele iintlobo ezikhankanyiweyo

isetyenziselwa ukuchonga umhlaba njengesanti, isanti eluvunduvundu,

uvunduvundu olunesanti, uvunduvundu olunesanti ecolekileyo, uvundu-

vundu, uvunduvundu olunentlenga, intlenga, uvunduvundu olunodongwe

nentlenga, uvunduvundu olunodongwe, kunye nodongwe.

IZIDALWANANA ZEMIHLABA

Ngokubhekiselele kulwakhiwo olumbaxa oluboniswa ngasentla, umhlaba

uyaphuphuma zizidalwanana ezininzi ezahluka-hlukileyo eziquka iintsholo-

ngwane zeebhaktiriya, iiactinomycetes, imingundo, ubulembu basemanzini,

izidalwa ezineseli enye, imibungu ebhityileyo, izinambuzane, imibungu, kunye

neengcambu zezityalo. Ubunzima bazo zonke ezi zidalwanana ezikumphezulu

kangangeemilimitha ezili-175 zomhlaba ongaphezulu bunokuba malunga

neekhilogram ezingama-7 000 ngehektare. Umhlaba ke ngoko, ububume

obusingqongileyo obutshintsha-tshintshayo nobuphilayo apho silima khona

izityalo zethu futhi sigalele nezichumiso eziziikhemikhali.

IZINTO EBEZIPHILA NESICHUMISO ESIVUNDILEYO

Izinto ebeziphila ziliqhezu lomhlaba owenziwe ngezidalwanana eziphilayo

ezingasentla kunye neentsalela zezityalo ebeziphila ngaphambili nezivela

kwisityalo sangaphambili okanye emhlabeni olidlelo lengca kumabanga

ngamabanga okucumka kwazo. Isichumiso esivundileyo sisiqalelo esi-

mbaxa setsheyini ende nesinokuhlolwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa isixhobo

sokubona izinto ezincinanana, tsheyini leyo yakhiwa ngezinto ebeziphila

nesezicumke ngokupheleleyo. Isichumiso esivundileyo singakhiwa ngee-

nxalenye ezintsundu okanye ezingwevu kwaye zinokubonwa zivela emihla-

beni emva kokusetyenziswa kwemigaqo eyiyona mincinane yokuphethula

umhlaba okanye eyokuhlakula ngolondolozo.

Khawujonge umhlaba oxhatshazwe ngokuwuhlakula ngokuwukra-

zula kakhulu ude ungabinazo neentsalela zezityalo zibe ncinane kakhulu

nezinto ebeziphila uze uwuthelekise, ukuba kuyenzeka, nowommelwane

okanye owentsimi ekufutshane kuwe apho kusetyenziswa khona uku-

hlakula ngolondolozo. Thelekisa le mihlaba mibini ngokwemba imingxu-

ma engumzekelo. Iimaleko zesichumiso esivundileyo ziyabonakala. Khu-

mbula ukuba kuthatha iminyaka eliqela yokuhlakula ngolondolozo ukuze

kusoloko kufumaneka isichumiso esivundileyo. Umhlaba oqulethe i 4%

yezinto ebeziphila kunye nesichumiso esivundileyo unokunika initrogen

enokufikelela kuma-200 eekhilogram kwisityalo. Lulondolozo olukhulu olu-

nokubakho kwiindleko zesichumiso senitrogen (N).

Ukuba ungenza uphando ngamaphepha abhalwe nguGq William

Albrecht malunga nemihlaba oko kungakukhanyisela kakhulu futhi

ube nento oyizuzayo kunye noncedo lolwazi lwakho ngendlela yoku-

phucula imihlaba yefama yakho. Umba wemihlaba nolawulo lwemi-

hlaba ngumba ombaxa ngenene.

I-CEC iyintoni KUHLALUTYO

LOMHLABA wakho?

Richard McPherson, umbhali

kwiPula Imvula. Thumela i-imeyili

apha richard@agrimetrix.co.za