11 / 16
MADE POSSIBLE BY
THE MAIZE TRUST
11
UKUQONDA I-PH
I-pH ingalinganiswa kwijelo lamanzi okanye
kwijelo lekhemikhali yesithintelo lamanzi
necalcium chloride. Qiniseka ngokulazi
olisebenzisayo. Uluhlu lwe-pH nokukhula
kwesityalo okufanelekileyo kunye ne-pH
(CaCl
2
) ziboniswa kwi
Sazobe 1
.
Itheyibhile 1
ikunika isalathiso sesivuno
esinokufumaneka ukuya kwindlela efundeka ngayo i-pH yomhlaba efanele-
kileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba utyala umbona emhlabeni one-pH ye 4.7 xa
kuthelekiswa none-pH ye 6,8 usenokufumanisa ukuba ngama- 34% kuphe-
la esivuno esisesona siphezulu sinokufumaneka kuloo mhlaba. Kwimihla-
ba enzulu kodwa easidi kakhulu kwaZulu-Natal, izivuno zande ukususela
kwiitoni ezi-2,5 ngehektare nganye ukuya ngaphezu kweetoni ezi-8 nge-
hektare ngokulungisa i-pH yemihlaba usebenzise ukukalika kwithuba elide.
Oku kungafuna amaxesha aliqela okusebenza nokuphakathi kweetoni ezi-
ntlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe zekalika yecalcitic okanye idolomitic. Ikalika
yedolomitic equlethe imagnesium iyacetyiswa xa ulwalamano lwecalcium
nemagnesium emihlabeni yakho nalo ludinga ukulungiswa.
Ezi ziingqwalaselo jikelele ezalatha iziqhelo. Umlimi ngamnye
ufanele ukuba nofifi lwemisebenzi efanelekileyo neziphumo zokukalika
emihlabeni yakho kwiminyaka emininzi. Umthetho ongenakuphikiswa
kukuba ukufakwa kwekalika okuthile kuzibonakalisa ngokuxhomekeke
kumdibaniso womxube womhlaba kumaxesha mhlawumbi amathathu
okulima kuze kuchaphazele isicwangciso esithi sitshintshwe ukuya kwi-
pH enqwenelekayo. Iimvavanyo zamaxesha okulima emasimini akho
ziya kubonisa inkqubela eyenziwa malunga ne-pH efanelekileyo ye 6,8.
Izivumo zezityalo ezandileyo ezifunyanwayo ziya kuphinda zalathe uku-
sebenza kwenkqubo yangoku yokufakwa kwekalika.
Kwingqalelo iphelele yesakhono sotshintshiselwano lweziqalelo
eziququzelayo (CEC) uvavanyo lwakho lungabuya lubonisa ukuxi-
nana kweasidi ephakathi kwama 30% nama 40% meko leyo yomhla-
ba easidi kakhulu. Ngamazwi alula oku kuthetha ukuba ama 30%
ukuya kuma 40% ezithuba kwijelo lomdibaniso womhlaba, endaweni
yokuba zigcine izondlo eziphambili ezifana nepotassium, isulphur,
necalcium zisuka zithathwe ziziqalelo zehydrogen. Umhlaba ke
ngoko awukwazi ukugcina izondlo ezifunekayo ukuze izityalo zikhule
kufumaneke izivuno ezizezona ziphezulu. Ukukalika kuya kuphucula
isakhono somhlaba sokugcina izondlo ezinokufumaneka kwizityalo
kwibanga lokuziphinda-phinda nelokubumbeka kwembewu.
ISICWANGCISO OKANYE ISICWANGCISO-CEBO
SOKULUNGISA UMHLBA
Isicwangciso-cebo siphelele sokulungisa umhlaba sinokubandakanya
ukufakwa kwekalika yecalcitic okanye idolomitic ukuze kuphuculwe i-pH,
igypsum ukulungelelanisa isulphur, iMAP ukuphucula imo yephosphate
neKCL ukulungisa imo yepotassium. Ukuba ifakwe yikhontraktha le re-
siphi inganeendleko eziphakathi kwe-R1 850 nama-R2 500 ngehektare. Le
ingaba yiblorho ethe qelele kwabanye abalimi kanti umhlaba ofaneleki-
leyo ungafumaneka kwiminyaka eliqela.
Xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo yokukalika kuphela, iindleko zixhomeke-
ka kumgama womlimi ukususela apho ikhoyo ikalika ukuya apho isiwa
khona iimveliso zingaba phakathi kwama-R600 nama-R700 ngetoni
nganye kanti iindleko zokuyifaka ngama-R200 ngehektare malunga na-
balimi abasebenzisa iikhontraktha. Abalimi baKwaZulu-Natal ubukhulu
becala bafaka ikalika ngezixhobo zabo.
Bala iindleko zakho zenkqubo yokukalika, ube nengcali kwezemihlaba
ukuba uyafuna uqwalasele ezi ndleko ngokuphathelele kwiinzuzo zemali ezi-
fumaneka ngenxa yokwanda kwezivuno kumaxesha okulima aliqela. Qala
ngemihlaba yakho eyiyona inesakhono esiphezulu uze wenze isicwangciso
sokulungisa umhlaba ngamnye efama kwiminyaka eliqela ukuze udodo-
balise iindleko zemali nemingcipheko kwishishini lakho lokufama.
ISIPHELO
Abalimi abanamava, iingcali zemihlaba, iiarhente zezichumiso, abacebisi,
nezinye iingcaphephe zentsimi bonke banoluvo lokuba ‘ukukalika kuyase-
benza’. Kodwa qaphela iziphumo zemali nemingcipheko phambi koku-
ndulula inkqubo epheleleyo yokukalika. Kwenze ngobuchule oku ngentsimi
nganye enesakhono esiphezulu kwifama yakho. Abo balimi banofikelelo
kwiinkxasomali zobonelelo mabalisebenzise elo thuba, ngokukhawuleza
kangangoko kunokwenzeka, bafake ikalika njengesiqalo sokudala umhlaba
ofanelekileyo oya kuqinisekisa izivuno eziphezulu ukuya kwikamva.
1
I-pH yomhlaba ye-5,2 ukuya kweye-8,0 inika iimeko ezizezona
zifanelekileyo kwezona zityalo zininzi zorhwebo kulimo.
Ukusasazwa kwekalika.
Ifoto: Jenny Mathews
Ukwenza icebo – ukusasaza ikalika ngesisasazi sezichumiso.
Ifoto: Jenny Mathews