Industry Services
Bedryfsdienste
22
23
Input research and development
Insetnavorsing en -ontwikkeling
Die saadbedryf
Graan SA het vergaderings met verskillende saadmaatskap-
pye gereël om die verhoging in saadpryse in verhouding tot die
mielieprys te bespreek.
SAADPRYSE
Saadmaatskappye het die pryse vir die 2014/2015-produksie-
seisoen in Mei 2014 vrygestel. Gemiddelde prysstygings
was 5,5% vir mieliesaad, 5,6% vir sonneblomsaad,18% vir
graansorghumsaad en 5,5% vir sojaboonsaad. Sedert die
2001/2002-produksieseisoen het die mielieprysindeks (
Gra-
fiek 1
) vergeleke met die mieliesaadprysindeks beduidend
verswak. Met die voortgesette styging in mieliesaadpryse en 'n
geraamde gemiddelde produsenteprys van R1 697 per ton vir
die komende seisoen (2014/2015) verswak dit steeds.
SAADMARK
Volgens die Oesskattingskomitee is 2 688 200 hektaar mielies
in die 2013/2014-produksieseisoen aangeplant. Dit is 3,3%
minder as in die 2012/2013-seisoen. Die waarde van die
mieliesaad wat in die 2012/2013-produksieseisoen geplant is,
was R2,688 miljard. Na raming was die waarde van saad wat
in die 2013/2014-produksieseisoen geplant is R2,742 miljard.
Hoewel die oppervlakte onder mielies dus afgeneem het,
het die waarde van die plaaslike saadverkope gestyg.
SAADGEHALTE
Die amptelike saadtoetsstasie van Suid-Afrika monitor saad-
gehalte. Vanaf Augustus 2013 tot September 2014 is 760 mon-
sters geneem, waarvan 16 nie aan die minimumvereistes
voldoen het nie. Gedurende die 2013/2014-produksieseisoen
is verskeie probleme met saadkwaliteit aangemeld. Graan SA
het sy lede met dispute bygestaan.
TERUGHOUDING VAN SAAD EN
KONSEPTANTIÈMEMODEL
‘n Komitee is in die lewe geroep om te kyk hoe saad-
maatskappye vergoed kan word vir die negatiewe impak
van die terughouding van saad op die bedryf. Die model wat
tans op die tafel is, is gebaseer op die manier waarmee die
Wintergraantrust fondse vir navorsing insamel. Die voordeel van
só ‘n stelsel is dat almal betaal omdat dit ‘n statutêre maatreël is
en dat die fondse slegs vir saadterughoudings gehou kan word.
BESKIKBAARHEID VAN SAAD
Die saadbedryf (SANSOR) het Graan SA verseker dat voldoende
hoeveelheid graan- en oliesade-saad vir die 2014/2015-
The seed industry
Grain SA arranged meetings with various seed companies in
order to address the increase of seed prices in relation to the
maize price.
SEED PRICES
Seed companies released the prices for the 2014/2015
production season in May 2014. Average price increases
were 5,5% for maize seed, 5,6% for sunflower seed, 18% for
grain sorghum seed and 5,5% for soybean seed. Since the
2001/2002 production season the maize price index (
Graph 1
)
weakened significantly compared to the maize seed price
index. With the continued increase in maize seed prices and
with an estimated average producer price of R1 697 per ton
for the coming season (2014/2015), the maize price index
continues to weaken.
SEED MARKET
According to the Crop Estimates Committee, 2 688 200 hectares
of maize were planted during the 2013/2014 production season.
This was 3,3% less than in the 2012/2013 season. The value of
the maize seed planted during the 2012/2013 production
season was R2,688 billion. The value of the seed planted
during the 2013/2014 production season was estimated to be
R2,742 billion. Although the area under maize therefore
decreased, the value of the local sales of seed increased.
SEED QUALITY
The official seed testing station of South Africa monitors seed
quality. From August 2013 to September 2014, 760 samples
were taken, of which 16 samples did not comply with the
minimum requirements. During the 2013/2014 production
season several problems with seed quality were reported.
Grain SA assisted its members with disputes.
Retention OF SEED AND DRAFT ROYALTIES MODEL
A committee was established to investigate how seed
companies can be compensated for the negative impact of
the retention of seed on the industry. The model currently on
the table is based on the way in which the Winter Cereal Trust
raises funds for research. The advantage of such a system is
that everybody pays, as it is a statutory measure and the funds
can be kept only for seed that is held back.
SEED AVAILABILITY
The seed industry (SANSOR) assured Grain SA that a sufficient
quantity of grain and oilseed seeds will be available for the
2 000
1 800
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
0
Index/
Indeks
Graph 1: Indices of the price of maize seed and the producer price of maize
Grafiek 1: Indekse van die prys van mieliesaad en die produsenteprys van mielies
1985/1986
1986/1987
1987/1988
1988/1989
1989/1990
1990/1991
1991/1992
1992/1993
1993/1994
1994/1995
1995/1996
1996/1997
1997/1998
1998/1999
1999/2000
2000/2001
2001/2002
2002/2003
2003/2004
2004/2005
2005/2006
2006/2007
2007/2008
2008/2009
2009/2010
2010/2011
2011/2012
2012/2013
2013/2014*
2014/2015*
Source/
Bron
: Grain SA/
Graan SA
* Preliminary/
Voorlopig
Maize seed index
Mieliesaadindeks
Maize price index
Mielieprysindeks
Insetnavorsing en -ontwikkeling
Inleiding
D
ie rand/dollar-wisselkoers en prys van ru-olie speel ‘n
belangrike rol in die bepaling van plaaslike insetpryse. Oor
die twaalf maande vanaf Oktober 2013 tot Oktober 2014,
het die waarde van die rand met 11% teen die dollar gedaal,
terwyl die prys van Brent-ruolie vanaf $109,30 per vat tot $91,93
per vat gedaal het.
Mielie-, sojaboon-, sonneblom- en graansorghumsaadpryse het
gemiddeld met tussen 5,5% en 18,0% gestyg, vergeleke met
die vorige seisoen. As ‘n mens na die plaaslike kunsmispryse
kyk, het die prys van KAN, ureum, MAP en kaliumchloried
onderskeidelik met 11%, 9%, 14% en 6% gestyg. Onkruiddoder-
en insekdoderpryse het op ‘n jaar-tot-jaar-grondslag gestyg.
Die plaaslike groot-handelprys van diesel in Gauteng het
met 1,08% gedaal. Op ‘n jaargrondslag het die pryse van
landboumasjinerie-toerusting met 11,9% gestyg.
BTW-NULKOERSE IN DIE WEEGSKAAL
Die BTW-wet laat sedert 1991 toe dat primêre produsente wat vir
BTW geregistreer is, sekere landbou-insette teen ‘n BTW-nulkoers
aankoop. Dit bied ‘n bewese kontantvloeiverligting. Tesourie en
die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens (SAID) het egter bewyse dat
grootskaalse bedrog in hierdie insetbelastingstelsel plaasvind. Dit
het hulle genoop om die nulkoersstelsel te hersien. Hulle voorstel
is dat die nulkoerskonsessie vervang word met BTW op insette
teen standaardkoerse.
Produsente sal dus die insette BTW-draend moet aankoop,
dit wil sê 14% meer daarvoor betaal. Produsente kan die
BTW terugeis, maar die ekstra rente- en/of geleentheidskoste
vir die tydperk totdat die BTW weer van die SAID ontvang
word, gaan vir die produsent se rekening wees. Produsente
sal ook 14% meer finansiering op produksielenings nodig hê.
Die wegdoening van BTW-nulkoerse op spesifieke insette is
op 17 Julie 2014 in ‘n Konsep Belastingswysigingswetsontwerp
gepubliseer vir publieke kommentaar.
Rolspelers in georganiseerde landbou het kommentaar ingedien
vir die behoud van hierdie voordeel. In September is nóg ‘n
vergadering met die SAID en Tesourie gehou waar veral maniere
om bedrog te bekamp, bespreek is. In Oktober 2014 het Tesourie
die afskaffing van die BTW-nulkoerse met minstens 12 maande
uitgestel hangende ondersoeke na alternatiewe voorstelle.
Input research and development
Introduction
T
he rand/dollar exchange rate and crude oil prices play
an important role in determining local input prices. Over
the 12-month period from October 2013 to October 2014,
the value of the rand depreciated by 11% against the dollar,
while the Brent crude oil price decreased from $109,30 per
barrel to $91,93 per barrel.
Maize, soybean, sunflower and grain sorghum seed prices
increased by an average of between 5,5% and 18,0%
compared to the previous season. Looking at local fertiliser
prices, the prices of LAN, urea, MAP and potassium chloride
increased by 11%, 9%, 14% and 6% respectively. Herbicide
and insecticide prices increased on a year-on-year basis. The
domestic wholesale price of diesel in Gauteng decreased
by 1,08%. On an annual basis the prices of agricultural
machinery equipment were 11,9% higher.
VAT ZERO RATES AT RISK
Since 1991 the VAT Act has permitted primary producers who
are registered for VAT to purchase certain agricultural inputs
at a zero VAT rate. This provides proven cash-flow relief.
However, the Treasury and South African Revenue Services
(SARS) have proof of large-scale fraud in this input tax system.
This has forced them to review the zero-rate system. Their
proposal is that the zero-rate concession be replaced by VAT
on inputs at standard rates.
Producers will therefore have to purchase the inputs VAT
inclusive, i.e. pay 14% more. Producers can claim back the
VAT, but the additional interest and/or opportunity cost for
the period until the VAT is received back from SARS will be for
the producer’s account. Producers will also require 14% more
financing on production loans. The scrapping of VAT zero
rates on specific inputs was published for public comment on
17 July 2014 in a Draft Tax Amendment Bill.
Role-players in organised agriculture submitted comments
for the retention of this benefit. Another meeting with SARS
and the Treasury was held in September, at which ways of
combating fraud were discussed in particular. In October 2014
the Treasury postponed the scrapping of the VAT zero rates
by at least 12 months pending the investigation of alternative
proposals.
* – The Safex futures contracts used in this scenario calculation for maize delivery in July 2015 was R2 000/ton
– Estimated variable and fixed costs were taken into consideration.
* –
Die Safex-termynkontrakte wat in hierdie scenarioberekening vir mielielewering in Julie 2015 gebruik is, was R2 000/ton
– Beraamde veranderlike en vaste koste is in ag geneem.
Graph 8: The profitability (gross margin) of grain and oilseeds in R/ton for different yield scenarios
in the North-West Free State environment (2014/2015 production season)
Grafiek 8: Die winsgewendheid (bruto marge) van graan en oliesade in R/ton vir verskillende
opbrengsscenario’s in die Noordwes-Vrystaat-omgewing (2014/2015-produksieseisoen)
-500
500
1 500
2 500
3 500
4 500
5 500
Gross margin (R/ton)/
Bruto marge (R/ton)
Maize – lower yield/
Mielies – laer opbrengs
Maize – average yield/
Mielies – gemiddelde opbrengs
Maize – average yield (minimum tillage)/
Mielies – gemiddelde opbrengs (minimum bewerking)
Maize – higher yield/
Mielies – hoër opbrengs
Grain sorghum – average yield/
Graansorghuim – gemiddelde opbrengs
Sunflower – average yield/
Sonneblom – gemiddelde opbrengs
Soybeans – average yield/
Sojabone – gemiddelde oprengs
Groundnuts – average yield/
Grondbone – gemiddelde opbrengs
-779
-318
-84
101
522
970
1 555
4 761
Maize scenarios/
Mielie-scenario's
