Pula Imvula December 2020

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST

NGABE YINI AMA-

CATIONS

Amanyuthriyenti esitshalo ahlala ku-

soil sand

, i-

clay

naku-

silt

ephithene

noma ku-

colloid

. Emhlabathini obhalanse kahle i-

colloid complex

inga-

bamba ama-elementi abalulekile nezinye izinsalela zihlale endaweni. Izi-

tshalo zingawasebenzisa la manyuthriyenti uma kudingeka ngesikhathi

sezimila ezahlukene nasesigabeni sokukhula sokuhluma kwezinhlavu.

Ama-

Cations

ngamakhemikhali a-

positively charged

atholakala njalo

ngokuxhumana namanye amakhemikhali noma i-

soil colloid

. Ubunye

obahlukene phecelezi

entities

buhlale buhamba njalo, kuyaguquguquka

kusuka kwenye inhlanganisela kuye kwenye kuso isisekelo sokuguqu-

ka kwe-

soil colloid structure

kanye nokuphithana kwe-

microorganism

life cycles

Inhlabathi ihlolelwa iKhalsiyamu (Ca), iMaganeziyamu (Mg), iPhothezi-

yamu (K), iSodiyamu (N), i-amoniyamu nayithrojini, amanye ama-

cations

nezinye izinsalelo eziningi zamaminerali. La manyuthriyenti a-

positively (+)

charged

ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi izisekelo phecelezi

bases

. Bangaba

neyodwa noma amabili ama-

positive charges

. Ubunye obu-

Negatively (-)

charged

entities aziwa njengama-

anions

Uma uxoxa nozibuthe (

magnets

) ezimbili esisodwa sine-

north

ne-

south

pole

– uma usondeza ndawonye ama-

north poles

nama-

south poles

lokhu

kokubili kuhlukaniswa yi-

magnetic force

. I-

north

ne-

south

pole ehlanga-

niswe ndawonye azoba yokusondelana futhi abambane ankonkoshelane

ndawonye. Kanjalo, kalula nje, amanyuthriyenti ezitshalo a-

positively

charged

noma ama-

cations

azodonseleka kusafesi e-

negatively charged

Amasafesi a-

negatively charged

atholakala ku-

soil colloid

kanye nezi-

ngxenye ezisipesheli ze-

soil humus

. I-

cation

molekhuli zihlukana ngosayizi

nange-

charge

. Ingxube noma amaphesenti ngalinye kuwo onke ama cation

anamathele ku-

soil colloid complex

kwaziwa njenge

base saturation

. Noma

kalula nje ukuthi angakanani amanyuthriyenti adingwa yisitshalo kuncike

enhlabathini ethile.

Ibhalansi ephelele ngokusho kuka-Dr Albrecht nabanye abacwa-

ningi kukanje:

IKhalsiyamu 60% kuya ku-70%, imagneziyamu 10% kuya ku-20%,

iphotheziyamu 2% kuya ku-5%, isodiyamu 0,5% kuya ku-3%, ama-

nye ama-

cations

noma izisekelo phecelezi

bases

5%.

Amazinga esimuncwana noma e-

yenhlabathi kanye nephro-

gramu yokufaka i-

lime

kakhulukazi izonquma kahle ngaphezulu kwe-

bhalansi yamanyuthriyenti kuphemelele. La mabhalansi angenhla

manje asekhonjiswa kuma-lebhu amaningi noma kungeze kwabalwa

ngokwamanai ahlukene akhonjiswa embikweni womhlaba ohloliwe.

Qhathanisa inhlabathi yakho ehloliwe kulokhu okungenhla. Ama-

nani ngokuvamile kubonakala ngokwama miligramu ngenyuthriyenti

ngalinye ikhilogremu le nhlabathi.

I-CEC yisilinganiso esibonisa ubuhle benhlabathi yakho eku-

bambeni amanyuthriyenti abalulekile esitshalo. Amanye amalebhu

akhombisa lokhu njenge-

Total Exchange Capacity (TEC)

. I-

sandy

soil

yangempela ene-

organic matter

noma i-

humus

encane kakhulu

noma engekho izokhombisa i-CEC ephansi kakhulu kanye ne-

organic

soil

evunde kakhulu kuzoba ne-CEC ephezulu noma i-TEC.

ISIPHETHO

Bheka imiphumela yenhlabathi yakho iphinde ubheke ukuthi inhlabathi ya-

kho ihambelana kanjani nalokhu. Emva kwalokho usungazenza izinguquko

ekulimeni kwakho kanye nasekusebenziseni umanyolo ukwenza ngcono

inhlabathi yakho ukuze isebenze kahle isikhathi eside.