Pula Imvula December 2020

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST

Izifo zamaqa-

bunga/Izimpawu

Uhlobo

Izigaba

zokukhula

Izimo

I-

Fungicide

Ukulawula

I-

Common rust

(Isithombe 2)

I-

Fungus

Izigaba zakamuva

(V8+)

Amazinga okushisa akahle

(16°C - 25°C).

Yebo

Ukukhethwa kwama-

Fungicides

ne-

hybrid.

I-

Northern corn

leaf blight

(Isithombe 1)

I-

Fungus

Izigaba i-V6 kuya

ku- R

Amazinga okushisa akahle

(18°C - 27°C); Amazolo esikhathi

eside/umswakama omningi.

Yebo

Ukukhethwa kwama-

Fungicides

hybrid

, ukushintshaniswa kwezilimo

nokutshala ezimvithini zezitshalo.

I-

Grey leaf spot

(Isithombe 3)

I-

Fungus

I-

Fungus

uma

kuqhakaza

(VT - R1+)

Amazinga okushisa akahle

kuya kwashisayo (22°C - 30°C);

amazolo esikhathi eside/umswa-

kama omningi (>95%).

Yebo

Ukukhethwa kwama-

Fungicides

hybrid

, ukushintshaniswa

kwezilimo nokutshala ezimvithini

zezitshalo.

Isifo semikhwa-

zi yommbila

(Izithombe 6)

Ivariyasi

Izigaba i-V

Izindawo zeThrophikha lapho

zihlala khona unyaka wonke,

kanye nezimo ezikhulisa i-

vector

activity

(ikakhulukazi ezindaweni

eziniselwayo ezishisayo).

Cha

Ukulawula i-

leaf hoppers

(isistimu yokwelapha imbewu

nokufafaza nokulawula ukhula).

I-

Bacterial streak

(Isithombe 5)

I-

Bacterium

Ukusuka ekuqhaka-

zeni (VT - R1+)

Izindawo ezifudumele,

eziniselwayo.

Cha

Ukushintshanisa izilimo, amasimu

angalinyiwe nokubulala izinsalela

zezitshalo ezinezimbuzane.

I-

Sunburn

(Isithombe 4)

Inhlalo

yendawo

Izigaba zonke

Ukushisa/ukuvimbela ilanga.

Cha

Ukukhethwa kwe-

Hybrid

nokuphathwa komswakama.

I-

Phaeosphaeria

leaf spot

I-

Fungus

futhi

mhlambe

nebhaktheri-

yamu ephi-

cayo

I-R3+

Izindawo ezinomswakama

omningi namazinga okushisa

apholile ebusuku.

Ukusebenza

okuphansi

Okungavamile ukudingeka,

Kodwa ukukhethwa kwe-

hybrid

kubulala izinsalela zezitshalo

ezinezinambuzane nokuhlehliswa

kwezinsuku zokutshala kungasiza.

I-

Downy mildew

I-

Fungus

Izigaba zokuqala

ze- V

Izindawo ezifudumele nezi-

swakeme, (ezindaweni ze-

Throphikha), Ikakhulukazi

emasimini lapho kwabonakala

khona izifo esikhathini esipha-

mbili. Amazinga okushisa enhla-

bathi angaphezulu kuka- 20°C

aphromotha umthelela.

Yebo

Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi

nge-

metalaxyl

, izinsuku zokuqala

zokutshala amasimu ahlaselwe

yizinambuzane, imbewu eyikhwa-

lithi enhle futhi ukugweme uku-

shintshanisa izilimo ngamabele.

I-

Diplodia leaf

streak

I-

Fungus

Zonke izigaba

Izindawo ezifudumele, ezino-

mswakama nethileji eminimamu.

Yebo

Ukushintshanisa izilimo nge-agl

enhle ngokutshala ezimvithini.

I-

Eyespot

I-

Fungus

I-R3+

Izimo ezipholile nezinomswa-

kama, oyiminimamu thileji,

izilokazana eziyizinambuzane

ezifana nama-

thrips

ne-

aphids

kungaphromotha ukugcwala

kwezilokazana.

Yebo

Ukushintshanisa izilimo, ukutshala

phezu kwezimvithi nokulawulwa

kwezinambuzane.

I-

Polysora rust

I-

Fungus

I-R3+

Izindawo zeThrophika, ukufudu-

mala (24°C - 28°C), isimo sezulu

esiswakeme.

Yebo

Ama-Fungicides

and earlier.

Izifo zamaqabunga ommbila ngokuvamile eNingizimu Afrika, izifo ezidala ama-organisms

nezigaba zokukhula ezivame ukubhekwa ngokwejwayelekile, kanye namasu okuzilawula.

Lesi yisifo samaqabunga esenzeka kakhulu KwaZulu-Natal naseNkangala

engasempumalanga, lapho kuheleza khona inkungu na/noma umswakama

omningi namazinga aphezulu okushisa.

Ukhona umcabango oyiphutha wokuthi ama-

spores

fungus

ahamba

ngomoya kuphela futhi asabalaliswa wumoya nemvula. Ama-

spores

nge-

mpela angasabalaliswa umoya, kodwa kukhona ama-

secondary spores

angasabalala asuke kwesinye isitshalo aye kwesinye ngasekupheleni kwe-

sizini – futhi ngokuvamile kuba ngamabanga amafushane.

Empeleni umsuka walesi sifo kuba yizinsalela zesitshalo zangesizini

edlule lapho i-

fungus

ihlala khona, futhi masinyane ngenkathi izimo

ziyivuna ngesizini entsha, ama-

spores

ayakhululwa lokho kungaba

nomthelela emaqabungeni angaphasi ezitshalo.

Lo monakalo ukhiqiza ama-

spores

amasha, kangangokuba

njengoba iqhubeka isizini yokukhula, ayakhululwa futhi asabala-

liswe amathonsi emvula nomoya aye emaqabungeni amasha aphe-

zulu esitshalweni. I-

grey leaf spot

ivamise ukudidaniswa ne-

sunburn/

drought inhibition

(

Isithombe 4

). Ayisaphathwa ke, eyomonakalo

wesomiso ongalawuleki kanye nomsebenzi ongadingekile yezi-

mbangela ze-

fungicide

njengembambezela ephindiwe kumlimi. Azi-

kho izifo ze-

fungal

ezibalulwe ngenhla ezishiwo eziyi-

seed-borne

I-

BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK

I-

Bacterial leaf streak

(

Isithombe 5

) isifo esenzeka ezindaweni

ezikhiqizayo ezisentshonalanga nazo futhi le zimpawu zididaniswa

nalezo ze-

grey leaf spot

. Isifo se-

bacterial

ngeke silawuleke ngama-

fungicides

kanye nokufuthwa kwayo kungaba yiphutha elibizayo

– ngaphandle kwemiphumela.