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THE MAIZE TRUST
5
1
Bolwetse ba
lehlaku/matshwao
Mofuta
Mehato ya
kgolo
Maemo
Sebolaya-
kwaekgwaba
Taolo
Mafoome a tlwaele-
hileng (Foto ya 2)
Kwaekgwaba Mehato ya
morao ya V
(V8+)
Mofuthu o mahareng
(16°C - 25°C).
Ho jwalo
Dibolayakwaekgwaba le
Kgetho ya mefuta.
Bolwetse ba Leboya
ba lehlaku korong
(Foto ya 1)
Kwaekgwaba Mohato wa
6 - R
Mofuthu o mahareng
(18°C - 27°C); Nako e telele ya
phoka / Mongobo o phahameng.
Ho jwalo
Dibolayakwaekgwaba, kgetho ya
mabasetere, phapantsho ya dijothollo
le ho lemella masalla a dimela.
Dibato tse putswa
lehlakung
(Foto ya 3)
Kwaekgwaba Kwaekgwaba
ho tloha di-
paleseng
(VT - R1+)
Mahareng ho isa motjhesong
(22°C - 30°C); nako e telele ya
phoka/mongobo o phahameng
(>95%).
Ho jwalo
Dibolayakwaekgwaba, kgetho ya
mabasetere, phapantsho ya dijo-
thollo le ho lemella masalla
a dimela.
Bolwetse ba metwa
pooneng
(Foto ya 6)
Kokwana
V mehato Baka tsa motheso selemo sohle,
le maemo a kgothaletsang
malwetse (haholoholo baka tse
tjhesang tsa noserso).
Tjhe
Taolo ya diqhomelalehlaku (taolo ya
peo ka hare hammoho le ho fafatsa
le taolo ya mahola.
Metwa ya bakteria
(Foto ya 5)
Kokwana
Ho tloha
paleseng
(VT - R1+)
Baka tse mofuthu tsa nosetso.
Tjhe
Phapantsho ya dijothollo, masimo
a tlohetsweng le phediso ya masalla
a dijothollo.
Ho tjheswa ke letsatsi
(Foto ya 4)
Tikoloho
Mehato yohle Tshitiso motjheso/letsatsi.
Tjhe
Kgetho ya mabasetere le taolo ya
mongobo.
Phaeosphaeria
Matheba lehlakung
Kwaekgwa-
bale kokwana
R3+
Baka tse mongobo le masiu a
phodileng.
Tshebetso e
nyane
Hangata ha ho hlokahale, empa
kgetho ya mabasetere e fedisa
masalla a mela tse tshwaeditsweng.
Ho fetola tsatsi la ho jala e ka thusa.
Downy mildew
Kwaekgwaba Mehato ya
pele ya V
Baka tse leswe, tse futhumetseng
(tsa tropike), Haholoholo masi-
mong a bileng le bolwetse pele.
Motjheso wa mobu ka hodima
20°C o kgothaletsa bolwetse.
Ho jwalo
Phekolo ya mobu ka metalaxyl,
nako ya pelenyana ya ho jala masi-
mong a tshwaeditsweng, peo e ntle
ya boleng le ho qoba phapantsho
ya dijothollo ka mabele.
Diplodia (motwa
lehlakung)
Kwaekgwaba Mehato yohle Baka tse leswe tse futhume-
tseng le temo e nyane ya ho
phethola mobu.
Ho jwalo
Phapantsho ya dijothollo, mekgwa e
metle ya temo le temello ya masalla
a dimela.
Letheba la leihlo
Kwaekgwaba R3+
Maemo a phodileng, a leswe,
phetholo e nyane ya mobu,
dikokwanyana di ka ba teng,
sesedi le tse ding.
Ho jwalo
Phapantsho ya dijothollo, temello
ya masalla a semela le taolo ya
dikokwanyana.
Mafoome a Polysora Kwaekgwaba R3+
Baka tse futhumetseng
(24°C - 28°C), Maemo a lehodi-
mo a leswe.
Ho jwalo
Dibolayakwaekgwaba le pelenyana.
Malwetse ka kakaretso a fumanwang pooneng mona Afrika Borwa, diphedi tse bakang malwetse hammoho
le mehato ya kgolo moo a fumanwang hangata teng, hammoho le maqheka a ho a laola.
Matshwao a bolwetse a bonahala haholo nakong ya ho etsa dipalesa
– le hoja a ka nna a bonahala pelenyana haholoholo tlasa maemo a
phahameng a kgatello ya bolwetse. Bona ke bolwetse ba lehlaku bo
bonahalang haholo KwaZulu-Natal le botjhabela ba dibaka tse pha-
hameng tsa mohodi o mongata le/kapa mongobo o phahameng le
motjheso o mongata.
Taba e kang e fosahetse ke e reng disele tsa kwaekgwaba di tsa-
maiswa feela le ho jarwa ke moya le pula. Nnete ke hore disele di ka
tsamaiswa ke moya, empa tsena ke disele tsa tse ding tsa morao tse
ka tsamaiswang ho tloha ho jalweng ho hong ho ya ho ho hlahlamang
hamorao nakong ya sehla – mme hangata dibakeng tse kgutshwanyane.
Mohlodi wa bolwetse ke masalla a semela a selemo se fetileng
moo kwaekgwaba e tswang teng, mme hang ha maemo a boela a ba
matle sehleng se hlahlamang, disele di a lokollwa, e leng tse tla ama
mahlaku a tlase a dimela.
Dikarolwana tse lemetseng di hlahisa disele tse ntjha tseo ha sehla se
ntse se tswela pele, di lokollwang, mme di hasanngwang ke marothodi
a pula le moya ho ya mahlakung a matjha ho phahama jwalo le semela.
Letheba le leputswa la lehlaku hangata motho a ka nahana hore ke ho
tjheswa ke letsatsi kapa ho omella (
Foto ya 4
). Nnete ke hore tshenyo ya
komello e sitwa ho laolwa, mme taolo e sa hlokahaleng ya kwaekgwaba
e baka kgutlelomorao e kgolo ho sehwai. Ha ho bo bong ba malwetse a
lehlaku la kwaekgwaba bo boletsweng bo jarwang ke peo.
METWA YA KOKWANAHLOKO/BAKTHERIA LEHLAKUNG
Motwa wa kokwanahloko lehlakung (
Foto ya 5
) ke bolwetse bo bang teng
ka ho qolleha dibakeng tsa tlhahiso tse ka bophirimela, mme matshwao
ana a ferekanngwa le a maputswa a lehlaku. Bolwetse ba baktheria bo ke
ke ba laolwa ka dibolayakwaekgwaba, mme ho fafatsa e ka ba phoso e
kgolo e nang le ditshenyehelo – ntle le molemo wa letho.