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INPUT
OKUKHI-
QIZA UMMBILA KUFANELE NGABE SEKWENZIWE
EZINGXENYENI EZISEMPUMALANGA YEZWE. UKU-
APLAYWA KWAMA-
HERBICIDE
NE-
TOP DRESS
ISENGENZIWA EZINDAWENI ZOKUKHIGQIZA EZI-
SENKABENI NJENGASEFREYSTATA NASENYAKATHO NE-
NTSHONALANGA. KUBALULEKILE FUTHI UKUBA UQAPHELE
I-
STEM BORERS
YOMMBILA.
Kunezinambuzane ezahlukene kule sigaba ngakho xhumana naba-
kumele ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi uthola amakhemikhali afanele
a-aplaywa ngokulungile.
Ukucela usizo akulona uphawu lokuba buthaka kodwa ukuba nama-
ndla. Kunjalo ke nasezifeni zamaqabunga ommbila. Ukufakwa kwamakhe-
mikhali ngendlela engalungile ngeke kusilawule isifo, isivuno sizolahleka
namakhamikhali kusazodingeka ukuba akhokhelwe. Ukushaywa ngemfe
iphindiwe.
Umonakalo odalwa yi-
grey leaf spot
, i-
bacterial streak
, ne-
sunburn
kwesinye isikhathi kudidaniswa ne-
untrained eye
. Ukulawulwa kwalezi
zinkinga kuhluke kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo akwenzeki. I-
Pannar
Seed’s free smartphone app
, i-
Sprout
ngumthombo wolwazi okahle
kakhulu. Uyafingqa futhi unikeze incazele emfushane yezifo ezibalule-
kile ezitholakala emmbileni eNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kwenza ukuba
umlimi ngokuhlanganyela nalima nabo endaweni noma abadayisi
bamakhemikhali ukuba bamenenje izifo eziqondene ngokufanele.
Ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke, okubaluleke kakhulu isifo samaqabu-
nga sommbila sinezidingo ezahlukile ngokwezimo zendawo okuhlalwa
kuyo. Okunye futhi, ukukhula ngokhwesigaba somzimba wesitshalo yikho
okushoyo ukuthi izifo ezithile zizovela nini.
Isifo samaqabunga ommbila esibaluleke kakhulu okufanele umlimi
asiqaphele zihlanganiswe
kuThebula 1
.
I-
NORTHERN CORN LEAF BLIGHT
Isifo samaqabunga esivamile esenzeka ezindaweni eziningi ezikhiqiza
ummbila eNingizimu Afrika yi-
northern corn leaf blight
(i-
white rust
)
Isithombe 1
. Izimo zenhlalo yendawo eziphromotha isifo yizimo zamazinga
okushisa akahle (18°C - 27°C), izimo ezinomswakama namazolo esikhathi
eside. Ama-fungus aphila ngezinsalela zamaqabunga ommbila, kanye ne-
minye imithelela eminingi ekhula isizini yonke ngenxa yokuba khona ko-
monakalo.
Ngokuvamile omonakalo ubonakala kuqala emaqabungeni anga-
phansi, futhi njengoba ama-
spores
akhululwa ngaphansi kwezimo
eziwavunayo kulawo monakalo, amahlamvu angaphezulu anomthele-
la futhi kungathi isifo sikhuphuka nesitshalo.
I-
COMMON RUST
I-
Common rust
(
Isithombe 2
) ngokuvamile ibonakala kokuqala ngesizini
ezitshalweni ezisencane zommbila. Izimo zenhlalo yendawo eziphromo-
tha isifo amazinga akahle (16°C - 25°C) nezimo ezinomswakama (>95%
umswakama). Umthelela i-
Common rust
iphromothwa yizimo zama-
zolo/inkungu – ikhakhulukazi ebusuku ngenkathi ama-spores akusafesi
yeqabungeni eqhuma ebhoboza iqabunga aze ayofika kustomatha.
Izimpawu zokuqala zomthelela i-
rust
zibonakala mhlambe ezinsukwini
eziyisihlanu emva komthelela wokuqala njengamakhifikhifi amancane
emaqabungeni, kanye namaqhuqhuva e-
rust
yangempela (izinsuku eziyi-
shumi kuya kweziyi-14) (
Isithombe 2
) bese iyakhula futhi ikhulule izinhlavu
ezincane phecelezi
spores
. Uma ziphuma izinhlavu zingasabalaliswa umoya
zigcwale indawo enkulu. Lezi zinhlavana zingaze zibe nomthelela kuso leso
sitshalo futhi ngayo isizini efanayo.
I-
GREY LEAF SPOT
Esinye isifo seqabunga lommbila esibalulekile yi-
grey leaf spot
(
Isithombe 3
). Izimo zenhlalo yendawo eziphromotha isifo amazing
akahle okushisa kuye kwaphezulu kanye nomswakama omningi (>95%).
Izimpawu zesifo ziqala ukubonakala ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza – nakuba
zingashesha ukubonakala ngaphansi kwezimo zengcindezi ephezulu yezifo.
Qaph
e
la izifo
ZAMAQABUNGA
emmbileni
U-Pietman Botha, umbhali
wePula Imvula. Thumela i-imeyili
ku-pietmanbotha@gmail.com
I-
Northern corn leaf blight
.
1
I-
Common rust
.
2