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In order to be considered for this programme,
business owners must:
APPLY NOW!
SMS
‘FARMER’
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APPLY TODAY TO JOINMONSANTO’S
SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME, IMBEWU.
ENTREPRENEURS ARE REQUIRED TOMEET THE FOLLOWING PROGRAMME CRITERIA:
Seed distributors
• The entrepreneur must have an
in-depth understanding of agriculture
and maize production.
• The entrepreneur must have access
to an outlet or small shop that has
enough space to house between 5 000
and 15 000 bags of seed (a minimum of
25 square metres).
• The entrepreneur must have a
reliable pick-up or similarly suitable
vehicle.
• The entrepreneur must be in proximity
to smallholder maize farmers.
• The entrepreneur must have
relationships with local farmers.
• The entrepreneur must be based in
the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal or
Mpumalanga.
• Be a South African citizen
• Be older than the age of 18
• Be the owner of a seed-distribution or
seed-packaging business (51% black
ownership) and be active in it full-time
• Have a minimum monthly turnover of R10 000
or more
• Have a business that has been operating for
more than 6 months
Existing seed-packaging businesses
• The entrepreneur must be able to
prove knowledge of how to handle
chemically treated/conventional seed
products.
• The business must have enough space
to store 26 to 80 tons of seed products.
• The business must have bagging line
machinery that can bag 1.3 tons of
seed per hour.
• The entrepreneur must have proof of
operating permits, security to safeguard
seed from theft, and seed inventory
control.
• The business must be located in
Gauteng or the North West Province.
The
Imbewu Empowerment Programme
is
designed to assist seed distributors and
seed-packaging businesses by supporting and
developing them to have the potential to enter
Monsanto’s supply chain.
ඕඖඛඉඖග එඖ ඉකගඖඍකඛඐඑ ඟඑගඐ
කඉඑජඋක එඛ ඔඓඑඖඏ ග ඌඍඞඍඔ
ඉඖඌ ඏකඟ ඛඍඍඌ ඌඑඛගකඑඊඝගඑඖඏ ඉඖඌ
ඛඍඍඌ ඉඋඓඉඏඑඖඏ ඊඝඛඑඖඍඛඛඍඛ එඖ ඛඝගඐ
ඉඎකඑඋඉ
Ts & Cs apply.Standard SMS rates apply.Free SMSs do not apply.Errors billed.
F. temperatum
produced beauvericin in eight isolates ranging from
0,3 μg/g to 9,6 μg/g.
Both
F. temperatum
and
F. subglutinans
produced moniliformin in
some of the isolates ranging from 35 μg/g to 9 296 μg/kg.
Mycotoxigenic
Fusarium
spp. from grain
collected at producers' fields
The isolate frequency of
Fusarium
spp. from maize grain collected
during 2016 to 2017 showed that
F. verticillioides
was present in
all localities with the highest frequencies at Coligny (79%),
Potchefstroom (95%), Tweebuffelsfontein (98%), Wesselsbron (79%)
and Vaalharts (56%).
F. temperatum
frequencies were 93% in Cedara and 31% in
Bethlehem. Low
F. temperatum
frequency levels were recorded in
Vaalharts (3%), Coligny (7%), Potchefstroom (0,41%), Wesselsbron
(0,01%), Petit (5%) and Tweebuffelsfontein (0,01%).
F. subglutinans
had low frequency levels, except in Vaalharts (36%).
Moniliformin was not detected in any of the grain samples. Fu-
monisin B1 was detected in all the grain samples, ranging from
13 μg/kg to 3 356 μg/kg. Beauvericin was present in grain samples
from Bethlehem, Tweebuffelsfontein and Wesselsbron (550 μg/kg,
986 μg/kg and 447 μg/kg respectively).
Discussion
Most strains that were previously morphologically identified as
F. subglutinanws
were in fact
F. temperatum
. It is evident that
F. verticillioides
is still the prevalent fungi infecting maize grain in
producers’ fields, especially in warmer maize producing areas.
F. temperatum
was more predominant in cooler, moist (misty) areas.
The
F. subglutinans
isolate frequencies of 36% at Vaalharts (warm
area) in the 2016 to 2017 season, is a production constraint.
45% of the
F. temperatum
and
F. subglutinans
strains (2006 - 2009)
produced moniliformin (35 μg/kg - 9296 μg/kg) in vitro, no fumoni-
sins were produced and 11% of the
F. temperatum
strains produced
beauvericin (0,3 μg/kg - 9,6 μg/kg).
It is important to note that these strains can produce these
mycotoxins in field grain if a susceptible host and favourable envi-
ronmental conditions exist. Fumonisin B1 was present in all the grain
samples (2016 - 2017) and beauvericin was present in two samples
in the Free State and one sample in North West Province.
Value of this research to the industry
From this study we have identified which strains of
F. temperatum
is
low or high moniliformin and beauvericin producers. We have identi-
fied the
F. subglutinans
strains with low or high moniliformin produc-
ers. These strains are maintained at -70°C and can be used in future
studies (health, regulations, co-occurrence with other mycotoxins).
We have shown that in the 2016 - 2017 season, the emerging
mycotoxins moniliformin and beauvericin was not a threat in the
production of safe maize grain. Although the principal mycotox-
in (fumonisin) was present in all the samples, levels were below
4 000 μg/kg.
The South African regulated tolerated level is
4 000 μg/kg for raw maize grain, intended for further
processing.